Ovarian cancer refers to the cancer of the ovaries. It occurs when cells in the ovaries begin to mutate or grow abnormally and out of control. Luckily, there are many signs and various causes of the development of this cancer. Let’s take a look at the top causes and symptoms of ovarian cancer to give you a clear idea.

Causes

1. Human papillomavirus
Many scientists have discovered that there is a link between cervical and tonsil cancer and this virus. The virus could also lead to ovarian cancer. However, concrete evidence is yet needed to prove that it causes ovarian cancer.

2. Being overweight
If you have a body mass index of more than 30, then it can cause ovarian cancer. So, it is recommended to calculate your BMI and bring it under the safe range.

3. HRT
This refers to the post-menopausal treatment of hormone replacement therapy that women undergo. If you do this, it may lead to ovarian cancer. Prolonged use of this will increase your chances of developing this cancer. You should note that the risk decreases once you stop the treatment.

4. Breast cancer
If a woman has a history of breast cancer, chances are high that she may develop ovarian cancer as well. This can be attributed to the BRCA gene. Due to this, women whose test results come back positive for this mutated gene need to undergo an oophorectomy, or some other surgery to remove the ovaries from the body. This is a method of prevention.

5. History of reproduction
Women who had borne children at a relatively later age, like after 35 years, or women who have never had children may develop ovarian cancer. Conversely, the more pregnancies a woman has, the lower the risk of this cancer developing. Breastfeeding can reduce this risk. Even injectable contraceptives and birth control pills can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.

Symptoms

1. Pelvic discomfort
Women often complain about pain or pressure in the pelvic region, which may indicate ovarian cancer. Normal pain can be disregarded, especially after strenuous activity, but if the pain is prolonged and frequent, one should visit the doctor.

2. Frequent urination
Frequent urination is also known to be an early sign of ovarian cancer. It may also be that your urination patterns change. If you notice this or any overactive bladder problems, then do consult a doctor.

3. Constipation
Occasional bowel obstruction is normal and to be expected. But if it happens frequently, it could be a sign of this disease. You may also notice some changes in your bowel habits. If you do, do not take it lightly.